July 22

July 22 is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 162 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 838 – Battle of Anzen: the Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
• 1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem.
• 1298 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk – King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town of Falkirk.
• 1456 – Ottoman Wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade – John Hunyadi, Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, defeats Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire
• 1484 – Battle of Lochmaben Fair – A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured.
• 1499 – Battle of Dornach – The Swiss decisively defeat the Imperial army of Emperor Maximilian I.
• 1587 – Colony of Roanoke: a second group of English settlers arrives on Roanoke Island off North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony.
• 1686 – Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan.
• 1793 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first Euro-American to complete a transcontinental crossing of Canada.
• 1796 – Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.
• 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition – Battle of Cape Finisterre – an inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.
• 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War – Battle of Salamanca – British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Atlanta – outside Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T. Sherman on Bald Hill.
• 1894 – The first ever motorized racing event is held in France between the cities of Paris and Rouen. The race is won by Comte Jules-Albert de Dion.
• 1916 – In San Francisco, California, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a Preparedness Day parade killing 10 and injuring 40.
• 1933 – Wiley Post becomes the first person to fly solo around the world traveling 15,596 miles (25,099 km) in 7 days, 18 hours and 45 minutes.
• 1934 – Outside Chicago's Biograph Theater, "Public Enemy No. 1" John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents.
• 1937 – New Deal: the United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.
• 1942 – The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.
• 1942 – Holocaust: the systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins.
• 1943 – World War II: Allied forces capture the Italian city of Palermo.
• 1944 – The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland
• 1946 – King David Hotel bombing: a Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandate Palestine, resulting in 91 deaths.
• 1951 – Dezik (Дезик) and Tsygan (Цыган, "Gypsy") are the first dogs to make a sub-orbital flight.
• 1962 – Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.
• 1976 – Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes committed during the imperial Japan's conquest of the country in the Second World War
• 1977 – Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.
• 1983 – Martial law in Poland is officially revoked.
• 1992 – Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States.
• 1993 – Great Flood of 1993: levees near Kaskaskia, Illinois rupture, forcing the entire town to evacuate by barges operated by the Army Corps of Engineers.
• 1997 – The second Blue Water Bridge opens between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario.
• 2002 – Israel kills Salah Shahade, the Commander-in-Chief of Hamas's military arm, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.
• 2003 – Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay's 14-year old son, and a bodyguard.
• 2005 – Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings and the 21 July 2005 London bombings.

Births

• 1210 – Joan of England, Queen consort of Scotland, wife of Alexander II of Scotland (d. 1238)
• 1478 – King Philip I of Castile (d. 1506)
• 1510 – Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (d. 1537)
• 1535 – Katarina Stenbock, Queen consort of Sweden, wife of Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1621)
• 1559 – Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian monk (d. 1619)
• 1621 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician (d. 1683)
• 1711 – Georg Wilhelm Richmann, Russian physicist (d. 1753)
• 1713 – Jacques-Germain Soufflot, French architect (d. 1780)
• 1733 – Mikhail Shcherbatov, Russian philosopher and writer (d. 1790)
• 1755 – Gaspard de Prony, French mathematician (d. 1839)
• 1784 – Friedrich Bessel, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1846)
• 1844 – William Archibald Spooner, English priest and scholar (d. 1930)
• 1848 – Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1914)
• 1849 – Emma Lazarus, American poet (d. 1887)
• 1863 – Alec Hearne, English cricketer (d. 1952)
• 1878 – Janusz Korczak, Polish-Jewish children's author, pediatrician and child pedagogue (d. 1942)
• 1882 – Edward Hopper, American painter (d. 1967)
• 1887 – Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1975)
• 1888 – Kirk Bryan, American geologist (d. 1950)
• 1888 – Selman Waksman, Ukrainian/American biochemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1973)
• 1889 – James Whale, English film director (d. 1957)
• 1890 – Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, American Kennedy family matriarch (d. 1995)
• 1892 – Jack MacBryan, English cricketer and field hockey player (d. 1983)
• 1893 – Jesse Haines, American baseball player (d. 1978)
• 1893 – Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist (d. 1990)
• 1895 – León de Greiff, Colombian poet (d. 1976)
• 1898 – Stephen Vincent Benét, American poet, short story writer and novelist (d. 1943)
• 1898 – Alexander Calder, American sculptor and inventor of the mobile sculpture (d. 1976)
• 1905 – Doc Cramer, American baseball player (d. 1990)
• 1908 – Amy Vanderbilt, American etiquette authority (d. 1974)
• 1909 – Dorino Serafini, Italian racing driver (d. 2000)
• 1913 – Licia Albanese, American opera singer
• 1913 – Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader (d. 1995)
• 1915 – Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Pakistani politician, diplomat and author (d. 2000)
• 1916 – Gino Bianco, Brazilian racing driver (d. 1984)
• 1916 – Marcel Cerdan, French boxer (d. 1949)
• 1921 – William Roth, U.S. Senator (d. 2003)
• 1923 – Bob Dole, American politician
• 1923 – The Fabulous Moolah, American professional wrestler (d. 2007)
• 1923 – Mukesh, Indian singer (d. 1976)
• 1924 – Margaret Whiting, American singer
• 1928 – Orson Bean, American film actor
• 1929 – John Barber, British racing driver
• 1932 – Oscar De la Renta, Dominican/American fashion designer
• 1934 – Louise Fletcher, American actress
• 1935 – Tom Cartwright, English cricketer (d. 2007)
• 1936 – Tom Robbins, American novelist
• 1937 – Yasuhiro Kojima, Japanese professional wrestler (d. 1999)
• 1937 – John Price, English cricketer
• 1937 – Vasant Ranjane, Indian cricketer
• 1939 – Terence Stamp, English actor
• 1939 – Gila Almagor, Israeli actress
• 1940 – Judith Walzer Leavitt, American college professor
• 1940 – Alex Trebek, Canadian game show host
• 1941 – George Clinton, American singer, songwriter and bandleader (Parliament, Funkadelic)
• 1941 – Ron Turcotte, Canadian jockey
• 1942 – Peter Habeler, Austrian mountaineer
• 1943 – Kay Bailey Hutchison, U.S. Senator from Texas
• 1943 – Bobby Sherman, American singer and actor
• 1944 – Estelle Bennett, American singer (Ronettes) (d. 2009)
• 1944 – Rick Davies, British keyboardist (Supertramp)
• 1944 – Dennis Firestone, Australian racing driver
• 1944 – Sparky Lyle, American baseball player
• 1944 – Anand Satyanand, Governor-General of New Zealand
• 1946 – Danny Glover, American actor
• 1946 – Mireille Mathieu, French singer
• 1946 – Paul Schrader, American film director and screenwriter
• 1946 – Stephen M. Wolownik, American authority in the U.S. Russian and Eastern European music community (d. 2000)
• 1946 – Johnson Toribiong, President of Palau
• 1947 – Albert Brooks, American comedian
• 1947 – Gilles Duceppe, Canadian politician
• 1947 – Don Henley, American singer-songwriter and drummer (Eagles)
• 1948 – S. E. Hinton, American novelist
• 1948 – Otto Waalkes, German comedian
• 1949 – Alan Menken, American composer
• 1949 – Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Ruler of Dubai and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates
• 1949 – Lasse Virén, Finnish long distance runner
• 1951 – J. V. Cain, American football player (d. 1979)
• 1953 – Jimmy Bruno, American jazz guitarist
• 1953 – Sylvia Chang, Taiwanese actress
• 1953 – Paul Quarrington, Canadian novelist, playwright, screenwriter, filmmaker, musician and educator (d. 2010)
• 1954 – Pierre Lebeau, Canadian actor
• 1954 – Lonette McKee, American actress
• 1954 – Al Di Meola, American guitarist
• 1954 – Steve LaTourette, American politician
• 1955 – Willem Dafoe, American actor
• 1957 – Dave Stieb, American baseball player
• 1958 – David Von Erich, American professional wrestler (d. 1984)
• 1958 – Tatsunori Hara, Japanese professional baseball player and coach
• 1960 – Jon Oliva, American vocalist and keyboardist (Savatage)
• 1961 – Calvin Fish, English racing driver
• 1961 – Keith Sweat, American singer
• 1962 – Alvin Robertson, American basketball player
• 1962 – Martine St. Clair, Canadian singer
• 1963 – Emilio Butragueño, Spanish footballer
• 1963 – Rob Estes, American actor
• 1963 – Emily Saliers, American singer (Indigo Girls)
• 1964 – Adam Godley, British actor
• 1964 – John Leguizamo, Colombian actor
• 1964 – Don Van Natta, Jr., American journalist
• 1964 – David Spade, American actor and comedian
• 1965 – Patrick Labyorteaux, American actor
• 1965 – Shawn Michaels, American professional wrestler
• 1966 – Shaun Cohen, South African professional wrestler
• 1966 – Tim Brown, American football player
• 1967 – Irene Bedard, American actress
• 1967 – Lauren Booth, British journalist
• 1968 – Rhys Ifans, Welsh actor
• 1969 – Despina Vandi, Greek singer
• 1970 – Jason Becker, American musician
• 1970 – Craig Baird, New Zealander racing driver
• 1970 – Sergei Zubov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1971 – Kristine Lilly, American soccer player
• 1972 – Colin Ferguson, Canadian actor
• 1972 – Seth Fisher, American comic book artist and penciller (d. 2006)
• 1972 – Keyshawn Johnson, American football player
• 1973 – Ronald Ray Howard, American murderer (d. 2005)
• 1973 – Daniel Jones, English-born Australian guitarist and keyboardist (Savage Garden)
• 1973 – Mike Sweeney, American baseball player
• 1973 – Rufus Wainwright, Canadian singer
• 1974 – Franka Potente, German actress
• 1974 – Sonija Kwok, Hong Kong actress
• 1975 – Sam Jacobson, American basketball player
• 1976 – Kokia, Japanese singer-songwriter
• 1977 – Ezio Galon, Italian rugby player
• 1977 – Gustavo Nery, Brazilian footballer
• 1978 – Dennis Rommedahl, Danish footballer
• 1978 – A. J. Cook, Canadian actress
• 1978 – Martyn Lee, English radio presenter
• 1978 – Runako Morton, West Indian cricketer
• 1979 – Lucas Luhr, German racing driver
• 1979 – Yadel Martí, Cuban baseball player
• 1979 – James Mason, British professional wrestler
• 1980 – Scott Dixon, New Zealand racing driver
• 1980 – Dirk Kuyt, Dutch footballer
• 1980 – Kate Ryan, Belgian singer
• 1980 – Tablo, Korean hip-hop musician (Epik High)
• 1982 – Nuwan Kulasekara, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1983 – Steven Jackson, American football player
• 1983 – Arsenie Todiraş, Moldovan singer (O-Zone)
• 1983 – Sharni Vinson, Australian actress and model
• 1983 – Clemens von Grumbkow, German rugby player
• 1983 – Dries Devenyns, Belgian cyclist
• 1984 – Stewart Downing, English footballer
• 1985 – Takudzwa Ngwenya, Zimbabwean-born American rugby player
• 1985 – Akira Tozawa, Japanese professional wrestler
• 1988 – Paul Coutts, Scottish footballer
• 1991 – Matthew James, English footballer
• 1992 – Selena Gomez, American actress and pop singer
• 1993 – Amber Beattie, English actress
• 1997 – Field Cate, American actor
• 1998 – Madison Pettis, American actress
• 2002 – Prince Felix of Denmark, Danish royalty

Deaths

• 1362 – Louis of Durazzo, Italian soldier (b. 1324)
• 1387 – Franz Ackerman, Flemish statesman (b. 1330)
• 1461 – Charles VII of France (b. 1403)
• 1525 – Richard Wingfield, English diplomat (b. c. 1426)
• 1540 – John Zápolya, Voivode of Transylvania and King of Hungary (b. 1487)
• 1619 – Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian monk (b. 1559)
• 1633 – Trijntje Keever, Dutch woman presumed to have been the tallest woman ever (b. 1616)
• 1645 – Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, Spanish statesman (b. 1587)
• 1676 – Pope Clement X (b. 1590)
• 1726 – Hugh Drysdale, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (birth year unknown)
• 1734 – Peter King, 1st Baron King, Lord Chancellor of England (b. c. 1669)
• 1789 – Joseph-François Foulon, French administrator (b. 1715)
• 1802 – Marie François Xavier Bichat, French anatomist (b. 1771)
• 1826 – Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer (b. 1746)
• 1832 – Napoleon II, Emperor of the French and King of Rome (b. 1811)
• 1852 – Auguste Marmont, French marshal (b. 1774)
• 1864 – James B. McPherson, American army general, in the Battle of Atlanta (b. 1828)
• 1869 – John A. Roebling, German-American civil engineer (Brooklyn Bridge), (b. 1806)
• 1902 – Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski, Polish Catholic Cardinal (b. 1822)
• 1903 – Cassius Clay, American emancipationist (b. 1810)
• 1904 – Wilson Barrett, English actor (b. 1846)
• 1906 – William Snodgrass, Canadian Presbyterian minister and the sixth Principal of Queen's College, now Queen's University (b. 1827)
• 1908 – Randal Cremer, English politician and pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1828)
• 1915 – Sir Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer and inventor (b. 1827)
• 1916 – James Whitcomb Riley, American poet (b. 1849)
• 1918 – Indra Lal Roy, Indian flying ace (b. 1898)
• 1920 – William Kissam Vanderbilt, American businessman and horse breeder, member of the Vanderbilt family (b. 1849)
• 1922 – Jokichi Takamine, Japanese chemist (b. 1854)
• 1932 – Errico Malatesta, Italian anarchist (b. 1853)
• 1932 – Florenz Ziegfeld, American theatrical producer (b. 1867)
• 1932 – Reginald Fessenden, Canadian inventor and radio pioneer (b. 1866)
• 1934 – John Dillinger, American bank robber (b. 1903)
• 1950 – William Lyon Mackenzie King, 10th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1874)
• 1958 – Mikhail Zoshchenko, Russian writer (b. 1895)
• 1967 – Carl Sandburg, American poet (b. 1878)
• 1968 – Giovannino Guareschi, Italian journalist (b. 1908)
• 1970 – George Johnston, Australian journalist and novelist (b. 1912)
• 1974 – Wayne Morse, U.S. Senator from Oregon (b. 1900)
• 1979 – J. V. Cain, American football player (b. 1951)
• 1979 – Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer (b. 1929)
• 1988 – Duane Jones, American actor (b. 1936)
• 1989 – Martti Talvela, Finnish bass (b. 1935)
• 1990 – Manuel Puig, Argentinian writer (b. 1932)
• 1992 – Wayne McLaren, American stuntman, actor and rodeo rider who portrayed the Marlboro Man (b. 1940)
• 1995 – Harold Larwood, English cricketer (b. 1904)
• 1996 – Rob Collins, English keyboardist (The Charlatans) (b. 1956)
• 1998 – Hermann Prey, German bass-baritone (b. 1929)
• 1999 – Gar Samuelson, American drummer (Megadeth) (b. 1958)
• 2000 – Eric Christmas, British actor (b. 1916)
• 2000 – Carmen Martín Gaite, Spanish author (b. 1925)
• 2000 – Claude Sautet, French film director (b. 1924)
• 2001 – Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist and historian (b. 1909)
• 2003 – Qusay Hussein, Iraqi politician, son of Saddam Hussein (b. 1966)
• 2003 – Uday Hussein, Iraqi politician, son of Saddam Hussein (b. 1964)
• 2003 – Wahome Muthahi, Kenyan humourist (b. 1954)
• 2004 – Sacha Distel, French singer (b. 1933)
• 2004 – George Kidd, Canadian diplomat (b. 1917)
• 2004 – Illinois Jacquet, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1922)
• 2005 – Eugene Record American songwriter and singer (The Chi-Lites) (b. 1940)
• 2005 – Jean Charles de Menezes, Brazilian electrician (b. 1978)
• 2006 – José Antonio Delgado, Venezuelan mountain climber (b. 1965)
• 2006 – James E. West, mayor of Spokane, Washington (b. 1950)
• 2007 – Jarrod Cunningham, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1968)
• 2007 – Mike Coolbaugh, American baseball player and coach (b. 1972)
• 2007 – Ulrich Mühe, German actor (b. 1953)
• 2007 – Rollie Stiles, American baseball player (b. 1906)
• 2007 – László Kovács, Hungarian-born American cinematographer (b. 1933)
• 2008 – Estelle Getty, American comedic actress (b. 1923)
• 2008 – Greg Burson, American voice actor (b. 1949)
• 2009 – Richard M. Givan, Indiana Supreme Court chief justice (b. 1921)
• 2009 – Peter Krieg, German documentary filmmaker, producer and writer (b. 1947)

Holidays and observances

• Birthday of former King Sobhuza II (Swaziland)
• Christian Feast Day
  • Abd-al-Masih
  • Markella
  • Mary Magdalene
• Pi Approximation Day, see March 14
• Ratcatcher's Day

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada